Introduction To DNA Research For Genealogist

é  Basic:

There are four basic groups that can be identified by DNA.

Native American: Populations that migrated from Asia to inhabit North, South and Central America.
 
European: European, Middle Eastern and South Asian populations from the Indian subcontinent, including India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
 
East Asian: Japanese, Chinese, Mongolian, Koreans, Southeast Asians and Pacific Islanders, including populations native to the Philippines.
 
African: Populations from Sub-Saharan Africa such as Nigeria and Congo region.

Ancestry By DNA (see genetree.com) can be used to determine the percentage of DNA a person has from each four groups, the test examines 175 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). These 175 SNPs have been selected based on their bio-geographic polymorphism patterns, and are referred to as Ancestry Informative Markers (AIMs). The alleles found at these marker locations show very high specificity for people from particular populations, ethnicity and/or geographical regions.

The mtDNA Haplogroups:

a) mtDNA macro-lineage L is predominant in Africa, L1, L2, and L3 - Found in Sub-Saharan African lineages.

b) mt-DNA macro-lineages M and N are found throughout Eurasia and Australia.

c) mtDNA lineages H, I , J, K, T, N, U, V, W and X are predominant in West Eurasia.  mtDNA lineages H, I, J, K, T, U, V, W and X - Found in nearly all lineages from Europe, North African and Western Asian Caucasians.

d) mtDNA lineages A, B, C, D, E, F, G, M, P, Q and Z are predominant in Asia and Oceania, and

e) mtDNA lineages A, B, C, D, and X are found in the Americas.

Y-chromosome Haplogroups:

An individual that has a very old DNA lineage can usually be identified to a continental region such as Western Europe. Younger lineages can be identified to more specific regions, such as Southwest North America. Very young Y-chromosome lineages could provide even more detailed, population specific information.

B, E: are found in Sub-Saharan African lineages.
E, G, H, I, J, and R are found in lineages from Europe, Middle East, and Western Asia.
C, D, N, O, Q, and R are found in the Asian populations.
P, Q, and F are found in Native American lineages.

NOTE: Some Haplogroups are present in both Europe and Asia, but can often be sub-divided into European or Asian specific lineages.

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• Other than the cost of the test, all the following services are provided FOR FREE
• You will be part of your Surname or Geographic Project
• You will be included in the largest Y-DNA database in the world
• You have total control over whether you compare your results only within your project or against the entire database
• The names and email addresses of your genetic matches are provided so that you may contact them
• Personal phone and e-mail support by qualified personnel. Both the phones and email messages are answered by a human being and not by an automated response system
• Family Tree DNA is the only service which has a calculator, created by our population geneticist, that gives you the likelihood of sharing a common ancestor with your genetic match within a certain time frame
• Family Tree DNA allows you to join, leave, and be part of multiple Projects at the same time, without any additional testing or cost
• As additional people test, your result will be matched against them and in case of a match you will be notified by e-mail
• Family Tree DNA allows you continued access to your account, projects, and matches without additional testing, cost or subscription fees
• Family Tree DNA is the only company that stores your DNA for 25 years allowing you to order additional tests using the original sample
• Family Tree DNA is the only company to offer the SNP Assurance Program: if no backbone Haplogroup can be estimated with 100% certainty, FTDNA will SNP test your sample for free.  The SNP test is a more in depth test that is used to assure your Haplogroup is identified.

On Dads side I am Haplogroup R1b1b2 – Atlantic Modal Type – strictly western European.

My paternal matches so far are many generations back, and show 23 cousins in England and 23 cousins in Ireland.  With even more distant cousins from Siberia meandering back thru Europe to the USA.

That’s all well and good and interesting but it don’t tell me who Mordacai’s parents were, and if I do link back to John Ogle of Delaware, it don’t tell me that either.

I have joined a genealogy group in England, their data base shows a lot of Ogles.  I am sending e-mails hoping for a response.

But it would help if I matched with someone that links (or not) back to John Ogle of Delaware.  Since it has been admitted that regardless of all the hype about DNA doing wondrous things, you still need a paper trail to pin point specific relatives.

It would enhance my search in England if I had solid footing here in the states.  My sister can’t point to an Irish connection but she has seen data that might link us to Europe thru Ireland.  We know from history that in about 1079 the Border Reivers were hard put upon by the king to stop their raiding ways.  Some whole families were kicked out of England.  Northumberland included much of southern Scotland way back when, and the Border Reivers married back and forth – another trail to follow.

If any of you Ogle men would like to take the test please go to The Ogle DNA Project Signup Page  and join the Ogle Project.  By joining through a project, the Family Tree folks give you a discount on the yDNA test.

I’m not going to leave out our Women either, but you ladies will need a male relative to do the test for you.  While today's women carry their mothers mtDNA from thousands of generations, a fathers yDNA is not passed to a daughter at all.  A son carries his Fathers DNA from thousands of generations, but he carries his Mothers DNA for his generation only.  This all has to do with males having one X and one Y chromosome, and females having two X chromosomes.

That’s all for now – live free    Ed